藝術家William KEITH (1838-1911) 生平簡歷

出生地： Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire, Scotland

死亡地点： Berkeley, CA

地址： Active primarily in San Francisco & Berkeley, CA

职业： Landscape and portrait painter, engraver

教育： Samuel Brookes in San Francisco, 1863; watercolor with Elizabeth Emerson Keith; Flamm & Achenbach at Düsseldorf, beginning 1869; portraiture with Carl Marr at Munich, 1883-86; abroad again in 1893 & 1899

展出： San Francisco, 1864; Boston AC, 1874, 1896; NAD, 1882-89 (4 annuals); AIC, 1888, 1906, 1912 (deceased); Chicago World's Fair, 1893; PAFA Ann., 1896-97, 1902, 1905-06; Pan-Am. Expo, Buffalo, 1901 (med.); Corcoran Gal., 1907-08, 1910.

会员： San Fran. AA; Bohemian Club

工作： AIC; MMA; NMAA; BMFA; Corcoran Gal.; Crocker Mus., Sacramento, CA; Oakland Mus.; Brooklyn Mus.; San Fran. Inst. Art; LACMA; Amon Carter Mus.

评论： One of the most respected and preeminent landscape painters of 19th century California. In 1850, Keith immigrated to NYC and in 1856 began his career as an engraver for Harper's. In 1858 Keith spent two months in San Francisco on assignment from the magazine and the following year (after a visit to Scotland) settled in that city. By 1863 he had begun painting in oils, and in 1864 particiapted in his first exhibition in San Francisco. About this time he also began to paint in watercolor under the tutelage of his wife Elizabeth Emerson (see Elizabeth Emerson Keith). In these same years, Keith was employed for a time by the Northern Pacific Railroad and the Oregon Navigation & RR Company, hired to paint scenes along their routes. Keith studied and traveled abroad from 1869-71, and on his return briefly established a studio in Boston with his wife and the artist William Hahn (see entry). Keith and his wife moved back to California in 1872 and in that year he met the naturalist John Muir who introduced Keith to Yosemite. From 1883-85, Keith had a studio in Munich; he then spent several years in New Orleans before returning to San Francisco. Keith's early landscapes were realistic and detailed, but during the last twenty years of his life he worked in a Barbizon manner, creating intimate, more moody scenes that mixed mysticism and naturalism. This later style owed much to George Inness who visited Keith in the early 1890s. Keith was a significant figure in California art and he had many students, most of whom were female. He was also a prolific artist, but approximately 2,000 of his nearly 4,000 paintings were destroyed in the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906. Note: his birthdate has appeared as 1838 and 1839.

来源： G&W (puts birth date at Nov. 21, 1839); WW10; Eugen Neuhaus, William Keith, The Man and the Artist (1938); DAB; Davisson, William Keith;" Fielding; Naylor, NAD; Falk, Exh. Record Series; Hughes, Artists in California (puts birth date at Nov. 21, 1838); 300 Years of American Art, vol. 1, 295; Baigell, Dictionary (puts birth date at 1839); P&H Samuels"